Is Thiyya a very low caste? INDIA

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Is Thiyya a very low caste?

In a historical context, YES.

 During the 19th and 20th centuries, the Thiyya were subjected to the rules of "ritual pollution," making them the largest lower caste/Avarna caste group in Malabar. They worked in palm groves, quarrying sectors, and as agricultural labourers and menial labourers (Logan 1906, p.  191). 

  The highest-ranking Nambuthiri Brahmins were at the top of the ritual caste hierarchy under British rule, followed by the Nambiar/Nair caste. 

This social structure corresponded to hierarchical access to economic resources and power, despite regional variations within the Malabar region (Sam 2014, p. 10). The Thiyyas, who were considered to be of "lower polluting caste," were on the lower tier, while "other polluting" castes like the Cherumas, Pulayas, and local tribes were on the bottom (Miller 1954). 33). 

  The Thiyyas occupied the largest group among the ‘ lower polluting castes’ and exerted administrative control over others.  Nevertheless, the Thiyyas experienced considerable disadvantages through restrictions of untouchability and unapproachability (Abraham 2010).  One of them was differential access to the temple (kshetrams) and the shrines (kavus).

 However, during British rule in Malabar, some Thiyya women of the lower avarna caste had illicit relationships with the ruling white Britishers, and these liaisons resulted in mulatto Thiyyas.  So very few people benefited from colonialism.

 While the Nairs and Nambuthiris were permitted to worship in kshetrams, the Thiyyas were only permitted to do so in kavus and not temples. So, during the temple festivals, the Thiyyas were expected to perform other ancillary services.

 So technically yes, Thiyyas were an untouchable or polluting caste who were considered lower in the caste hierarchy.

 Footnotes -

 Read further - Intertwining Christian Mission, Theology, and History: A Case Study of the Basel Mission among the Thiyyas and Badagas of Kerala, 1870–1913



  Writer: Binod Kumar Simkhada 
binodkumarsimkhada315@gmail.com

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