Temperature does not tell the whole story.

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You might expect the solar system's outermost reaches to be frozen. Particles, on the other hand, reached temperatures of up to 90,000 degrees Fahrenheit when NASA's Voyager spacecraft passed through a region at the outer edge of the solar system. The region is sometimes called a “wall of fire,” but it is not a solid wall.

 It is close to the heliopause, where the solar wind, a stream of charged particles from the Sun, meets interstellar space particles. Together, the solar wind and the Sun’s magnetic influence form a vast protective bubble known as the heliosphere.

 Voyager 1 crossed the heliopause in 2012, becoming the first human-made object to enter interstellar space.  Voyager 2 followed in 2018.

 The probes recorded plasma temperatures between 30,000 and 50,000 kelvin, or 54,000 and 90,000 degrees Fahrenheit, as they crossed the boundary. That sounds hot enough to instantly destroy a spacecraft.

 But temperature does not tell the whole story.

 The particles in this region are extremely sparse, meaning very few collide with the spacecraft.  Without enough particles to transfer substantial energy, the probes do not absorb heat in the same way an object would inside a dense atmosphere or fire.

 A similar principle explains why a person can briefly place a hand inside a hot oven without suffering the same immediate damage as touching a metal tray at the same temperature.  The metal is much better at transferring heat. The Voyager crossings also helped scientists understand that the heliopause is not fixed.

 As solar activity changes, its position changes, expanding and contracting like a lung. Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 crossed it at different distances from the Sun, supporting predictions that the boundary moves over time.

 The probes also found that the magnetic field inside the heliosphere was unexpectedly aligned with the magnetic field outside the heliosphere. Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 remain the only spacecraft to have crossed the heliopause.

 Nearly half a century after their 1977 launches, they continue sending back humanity’s first direct measurements from interstellar space.

 Find out more: “Voyager 1 Observes Low-Energy Galactic Cosmic Rays in a Region Depleted of Heliospheric Ions.”  Science.

https://www.effectivecpmnetwork.com/gr1hdw2ws?key=0b7c754200d6c5cdacfb68d29605121a

 📸Credit: NASA


     Writer: Binod Kumar Simkhada
 binodkumarsimkhada315@gmail.com

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